Marx's Theory of Revolutions

Marx's Theory of Revolutions

Friday, November 24, 2017

November 8 – October 26, 1917: The Central Committee Forms a State


All that day, the Military Revolutionary Committee is still issuing orders from Smolny. Word came that Kornilov had escaped his “prison” in Bykhov. He and Kerensky were to be arrested; assisting Kerensky will be considered a state crime. Agitators and organizers were being recruited and sent to the front and to the provinces. Units at the front were invited to elect new soldiers committees. Measures were initiated to deal with recalcitrant railway, telegraph, and postal unions.

These were among, Trotsky says, “thousands and myriads of orders” issued “by word of mouth, by pencil, by typewriter, by wire….” It was not just another day’s work.

While the city duma met and issued proclamations in the name of the Committee of Salvation, the Bolshevik Central Committee met to decide the structure and contents of the new government. There were two issues: whether to form the government in coalition with the other socialist parties, and what to call the departmental executives. The latter was easy to solve. “Ministers” had a bad smell to it. So they would be “commissars” of the Soviet of Peoples Commissars.

As to the first issue, the left Social Revolutionaries were the only faction of any size that had stayed in the Congress of Soviets with the Bolsheviks the night before. They caucused and negotiated, but found they could not agree to a Bolshevik program that had hardly changed since Lenin’s April Theses, and was the foundation of the October Revolution. Lenin and Trotsky would not compromise the program, says the American journalist Reed, even though Kamenev and Riazanov, among others, urged accommodation in order to give the government a broader base. By about 7:00 p.m. that evening, the left Social Revolutionaries decided they would not join the government on the Bolsheviks’ terms, but would nevertheless remain on the Military Revolutionary Committee. It turned out they did not want, by joining the government, to leave behind their fellow Social Revolutionaries on the right entirely. The result was an all-Bolshevik government.

The Central Committee had a visitor that afternoon. The Menshevik Martov interceded on behalf of the imprisoned socialist ministers. The committee, seemingly via Kamenev, confirmed Trotsky’s offer of house arrest. Trotsky cannot be sure whether the ministers accepted the offer, or preferred to remain imprisoned in solidarity with their bourgeois colleagues.

Meanwhile, representatives of the railway, telegraphers, and postal unions adhered to the Committee of Salvation, creating practical if not political obstacles to the progress of the government of soviets. Even the stenographers, employees of the old Central Executive Committee, would absent themselves from the Congress of Soviets, and so the record of the proceedings is scant. Trotsky calls this the first act in a “campaign of sabotage” by the ex-Compromisers.

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