The last State Duma assembles. The Duma had first been convened
in May 1906 as part of a program of civil and political reforms addressing the
issues raised by the failed 1905 revolution. Tsar Nicholas II granted this
elective body certain legislative and oversight functions. However, he retained
all executive powers, including the power to appoint state ministers and to
dismiss the Duma itself. The Russian state remained effectively an autocracy.
The workers were already
aroused. Some 90,000 were on strike in Petrograd, and others had closed plants
in Moscow.
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